How does Stellar make sure each transaction is confirmed only once and can’t be duplicated?
How does Stellar make sure a transaction is final and can’t be sent twice?
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Stellar uses a unique system called the Stellar Consensus Protocol (SCP) to confirm transactions. When you send a transaction, a group of trusted nodes (called validators) quickly agree on it. Once it’s confirmed, it’s added to the ledger and can’t be changed or sent again. This prevents double-spending and ensures every transaction is final within a few seconds — no mining or staking needed. ✅